Data access restrictions are crucial to ensure that confidential information is kept private and secure. They are used to stop non-authorized users from accessing sensitive information and systems, while also restricting data availability to trusted individuals who have been granted the right to access data by undergoing rigorous vetting processes.
This includes the vetting of projects, training for researchers and the use of physical or virtual secure lab environments. In some cases, an embargo may be required to protect research findings until they are ready to be published.
There are many models for access control, including discretionary access control (DAC) where the administrator or the owner determines who is granted access to particular resources, systems, or data. This model offers flexibility, but can also lead to security issues as individuals could accidentally permit access to other people who should not be allowed access. Mandatory Access Control (MAC), is a non-discretionary option that is common in military or government environments where access is controlled by classification of information and levels of clearance.
Access control is vital to meet the requirements of industry compliance for safety and security of information. By using best practices in access control and following established policies companies can demonstrate conformity during audits or inspections, avoid fines or penalties and keep trust with customers or clients. This is especially crucial in situations where regulations such as GDPR, HIPAA and PCI DSS apply. By reviewing and updating regularly the access rights of former and current employees, organizations can ensure that sensitive data is not exposed to unauthorized users. This requires a careful audit of permissions, and ensuring that access is removed automatically each time employees leave the company or change their roles.